Skills required to provide clinical leadership in nursing mental Essay

Skills required to provide clinical leadership in nursing mental health - Essay Example The rest of the essay will broadly foray into these required skills. One of the most requisite skills for nursing officers is conviction and courage in handling financial decisions for their hospital or clinic. With healthcare insurance becoming unaffordable for an increasing number of Americans, people end up in hospital wards with insufficient finances. While running a hospital or a clinic has a business element to it, its first priority is to serve needy patients, especially the ones suffering from mental ailments. An ethically conscious leader will always keep this in mind and put the interests of the patient before that of the organization. While this may sound a touch idealistic and its implementation may seem unfeasible in a competitive healthcare industry, it is nevertheless an ideal worth persevering for. According to Shawn Ulreich, the chief Nursing Officer at Spectrum Health, â€Å"It is time to bridge the gap between nursing--and all of operations--and finance†¦Nursing leadership entails measures to tackle the massively flawed payme nt system. Other times, it is demonstrating that you sincerely care about patient care† (Fifer, 2007). Continuing in a similar vein, leaders in Nursing should reverse recent trends of high employment dissatisfaction among nurses and other support staff. Nurses across the country are not happy with the remuneration package handed to them and consequently shifting to jobs that pay more. Another reason cited for this state of affairs is the lack of mutual understanding between the business and nursing wings of the healthcare organizations. For example, according to a recent survey, â€Å"Approximately 38 percent of the respondents reported having left a CNO position--13 percent within two years before the survey and 25 percent within five years before the survey. When asked about the context of their departure, a high percentage reported leaving their

New Product Questionnaire Essay Example for Free

New Product Questionnaire Essay The main definition of bonsai as an outlet for both art and horticulture is quite wide. There are many myths which are associated with bonsai. These not only provide confusion for budding enthusiasts, but gives the pastime a bad name for anyone not majorly experienced in the area. A bonsai is not a genetically dwarfed plant and is not kept small by cruelty in any way. In fact, given an adequate supply of water, air, light and nutrients, a properly maintained bonsai should outlive a full size tree of the same species. The techniques of Bonsai are no more cruel than that of any other horticultural endeavour. It is also common belief that bonsai are only a few centimetres tall. This is untrue, although bonsai are small in comparison to their huge life-sized brothers, most are over 25 centimetres tall and up to 1 metre in height. To the Japanese, there is a link to many of the ideals that their society is based on. Zen Buddhism where the pastime originated, man, nature, elements and change all are intertwined into this unique method of meditation and expression. To our world now, bonsai is viewed as a hobby that allows a greater understanding and being with nature and also a way to enhance our gardens. Bonsai can be developed from seeds or cuttings, from young trees or from naturally occurring stunted trees transplanted into containers. Most bonsai range in height from 5 centimetres (2 in) to 1 metre (3. 33 ft). Bonsai are kept small and trained by pruning branches and roots, by periodic repotting, by pinching off new growth, and by wiring the branches and trunk so that they grow into the desired shape. The bonsai with its container and soil, physically independent of the earth since its roots are not planted in it, is a separate entity, complete in itself, yet part of nature. This is what is meant by the expression heaven and earth in one container. A bonsai tree should always be positioned off-center in its container, for not only is asymmetry vital to the visual effect, but the center point is symbolically where heaven and earth meet, and nothing should occupy this place. Another aesthetic principle is the triangular pattern necessary for visual balance and for expression of the relationship shared by a universal principle (life-giving energy or deity), the artist and the tree itself. Tradition holds that three basic virtues are necessary to create a bonsai: shin-zen-bi standing for truth, goodness and beauty. Given proper care, bonsai can live for hundreds of years, with prized specimens being passed from generation to generation, admired for their age, and revered as a reminder of those who have cared for them over the centuries. Although these bonsai are extremely beautiful meticulously cared for over the years and containing such a wealth of knowledge, age is not essential. It is more important that the tree produce the artistic effect desired, that it be in proper proportion to the appropriate container, and that it be in good health. Bonsai are ordinary trees or plants, not special hybrid dwarfs. Small leafed varieties are most suitable, but essentially any plant can be used, regardless of the size it grows to in the wild. In Japan, varieties of pine, azalea, camellia, bamboo and plum are most often used. The artist never duplicates nature but rather expresses a personal aesthetic philosophy by manipulating it. The bonsai may suggest many things, but in all cases must look natural and never show the intervention of human hands (with the exception of Chinese bonsai which in many cases depicts images of dragons and other influential symbols of the culture at the time of origination). Grown in special containers, bonsai are primarily kept outdoors (with the exception of some plants suited, trained and grown indoors), although they are often displayed on special occasions in the tokonoma, the alcove in the traditional Japanese rooms designed for the display of artistic objects or on a polished stand.

Symbols Of Truth in Langston Hughes On The Road Essay -- Road Langsto

Langston Hughes uses beautiful symbolism and imagery in his literary work â€Å"On the Road†. Hughes offers up the idea that if one is to open ones heart; life will provide unlimited abundance. In this literary work, Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate and symbolize the unwillingness of his main character, Sargeant, to participate in life. Hughes also demonstrates the use of a person’s anger and instinct to survive and how they both can be used as powerful forces in breaking down racial barriers. Another more impacting symbol Hughes uses is Jesus Christ as a metaphor. Hughes uses this to show how people experience life and how the traditional church values contradict each other when it comes to the acceptance of human beings. Therefore after reading â€Å"On the Road†, the views of nature, racial barriers, and values are explained to the readers and the power behind them. To begin with, Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate the distinct relationship amongst blacks and whites during the depression. The writing shows the relationship between the different races amongst the men and women. Hughes use of the snow and night express a simple point, but through the use of these metaphors, he enables the story to be a little less invasive and more appealing to the reader. His main character, Sargeant, is left doubting the integrity of life. Hughes wrote, "Sargeant didn't see the snow, not even under the bright lights of the main street, falling white and flaky against the night. He was too hungry, too sleepy, too tired"(296). Langston Hughes stated like this because at the time Sargeant was one minded and did not take the time to notice the beauty and lessons that nature was showing to him. For almost two hundred years white people hav... ...argeant did not see Jesus Christ in the real world, but in his dreams he was able to experience what he needed. Hughes instills that just because you can not see something does not mean that it does not exist. Also that most will only hear what they want to hear. In the end we find that Langston Hughes use of symbolism re-enforce the points he is expressing. In â€Å"On the Road† nature, racism, and values are the three main points and Hughes was trying to express. Sargeant faced many hardships and tasks in his life. Langston Hughes wrote about these hard times from his experiences and the time period he was in. The tension that arose throughout the story by having a down and out black man survive, by using his faith and power of will. No society or way of life was going to take Sargeant down without a fight and Hughes echoed that throughout the entire literary work.

Effect of the Nature of Different Substrates on the Rate

Cellular respiration is defined as an enzyme mediated process in which organic compounds such as glucose is broken down into simpler products with the release of energy (Duka, Diaz and Villa, 2009). It is a series of metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation of substrates, such as glucose, is a fundamental part of cellular respiration (Mader, 2009). As a catabolic process, it may or may not require the presence of oxygen. The process that requires oxygen is called aerobic respiration while the process that does not require the presence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. Duka, et. al. 2007) Despite of its low yield of only two ATP (energy used by the cells to perform its duties), anaerobic respiration is essential because it continuously synthesizes ATP albeit oxygen is temporarily in short supply. Although anaerobic respiration synthesizes a low yield of ATP (which is the energy used by the cell enables it to perform its duties), it is essential because it is a way to produce ATP even though oxygen is temporarily in short supply. Though this process brings benefits usually, these are accompanied by drawbacks.One of these downsides is the formation of lactate in the muscles because of â€Å"oxygen debt†, causing it to â€Å"burn† and eventually fatigue, until pyruvate is reduced from lactate (Madur, 2009). Anaerobic respiration can be further divided into two types; namely, alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate (product of glucose in glycolysis) is converted to 2 molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) while in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly into lactic acid (Campbell and Reece, 2008).A good example of organism which produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of alcohol fermentation is yeast (Madur, 2009). As a unicellular fungus, yeast is also an example of a facultative anaerobe, which depicts an o rganism with metabolic versatility to harvest food energy by either respiration or fermentation (Campbell and Reece, 2001). Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), is an important example of yeast for its practical uses and applications in the industry.The cells release carbon dioxide which leavens the dough that is used to make bread or crackers. The ethyl alcohol produced by fermenting yeast evaporates during baking. Saccharomyces also ferments sugars to alcohol. Wine is produced then yeasts ferment the carbohydrates of fruits, while beer is resulted from the fermentation of grains. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide produced explains why beer and champagne are bubbly when opened (Madur, 2009). As enzymes are needed to be activated in cellular respiration, several factors can affect cellular respiration.These factors are namely; the presence of co-factors, temperature, and substrate concentration. Cofactors are required by the enzymes so as to activate them, thus, speeding u p the rate of the reaction. Also, the temperature affects the rate of the reaction in cellular respiration in a way that if the temperature increases, enzyme activity also increases. Lastly, if the substrate concentration is increased, enzyme activity is also increased because as more substrate molecules fill active sites, more product results per unit time. Madur, 2009) A substrate may be defined as the fuel of cellular respiration, wherein it is the organic substance broken down to generate energy. Macromolecules such as carbohydrates, fats, or proteins may serve as substrates. However, in yeast, carbohydrates are opted primarily as substrates. Carbohydrates may be classifies according to the number of sugars or its complexity such as monosaccharaides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (Duka, et. al. , 2009).In order to formulate a hypothesis regarding cellular respiration, yeast was used as the tested substance in the absence of oxygen or anaerobically. Factors such as temperatur e, substrate concentration and also the amount of distilled water were held constant. The nature of substrate, however, was altered and different substrates were used for the experimentation. Therefore, a hypothesis was formed that if the nature of different substrates affect the rate of cellular respiration in yeast, then the simpler the substrate, the faster the rate of cellular respiration.The effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast can be further studied and examined using the Smith fermentation tube method wherein different substrates were used with the constant amount of concentration, distilled water and yeast suspension. Starch (polysaccharide), lactose and sucrose (disaccharide), glucose and fructose (monosaccharide), and distilled water, which are the variable factors, were used as different substrates, because they differ in structure and nature.The study was designed to determine the effect of the nature of different subs trates on the cellular respiration of yeast. The chief objectives were: 1. to describe the effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast; 2. to expound the possible explanations and concepts behind the observed effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast; and 3. to determine the significance of using different substrates. The study was conducted at the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, last September 12, 2011.

Bretagne France Essay

Bretagne is found along France’s northern shore. Bretagne is also called Brittany and sometimes referred to as little Britain. It is a land of enchantment and wonders. It features rugged coastlines with some of the world’s most breathtaking views. It features more than 4,000 castles and medieval homes. It’s an ideal destination for water sports enthusiasts, lovers of fine cuisine and seafood, and anyone fascinated by legends and history. The attractions, weather and scenery, and the festivals are what attract people the most. This region is full of numerous world-class museums and historic attractions. One of the best places to visit while in Brittany is Oceanopolis. It features 50 aquariums from tropical and polar species. The cathedral of St. Pierre and St. Paul is one of the last Gothic French cathedrals. The chateau de Combourg is a beautiful castle surrounded by greenery and water. The Grand Phare or Great Lighthouse is also a great place to visit, being 300 feet high. And finally the musee de la Faience is devoted to the famous pottery. Other fun things to do are outdoor water sports, including sailing, kayaking, surfing and scuba diving. Spa seawater treatments are also available for relaxing purposes. Being close to the ocean, the weather is fairly nice and warm year round. Rain occurs regularly which keeps the countryside green and wooded. Although it rains often, cloudless days are common and sunny in Brittany. In Brittany a common expression and response to people complaining about the rain is â€Å"En Bretagne, il ne pleut que sur les cons†, which literally translates as â€Å"In Brittany, it only rains on the idiots. â€Å"This means that if you don’t like Brittany, you should leave. Brittany has many festivals and events. They reflect Brittany’s culture and energetic music and dance. Some cultural festivals include the festival de Cornouaille, which is a festival that displays Brittany’s cultural diversity. Les Filets Bleus celebrates fishing traditions and the Festival du Film Britanniqu previews British films in France. Music festivals are also popular in France. Astropolis is a techno music themed festival celebrated in July. La Route du Rock plays pop and rock music. Les Transmusicales is known for showing brand new acts for undiscovered bands. They also have a festival all about activities dealing with the sea. The Fetes Maritimes de Brest is a sailing event that takes place every four years. The next race happens in July of 2012. La Route du Rhum is a transatlantic yacht race which also takes place every four years. The next race will be in November of 2014. Bretagne is a beautiful, fascinating mix of spectacular coastlines, ancient towns, magical islands and inland woods. With so many attractions and activities you will never get bored. The scenery and weather is unforgettably amazing. The festivals attract many tourists and French people to the area.

Free Essays on American Dream

of the Declaration of Independence. â€Å" We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, creator, with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† This is a great and universal dream but it was fantasy for minority groups. This dream does say another thing that separates our nation from any other nation in the world. Each of us have certain basic rights that are neither derived from or conferred by the state. These basic rights are given by God, gifts from his Holy hand. Never before has one single document expressed in such profound language the dignity and the wort... Free Essays on American Dream Free Essays on American Dream The American Dream: The Declaration of Independence versus the Narrative Works of Frederick Douglass The American dream is imbued with the concept of the self-made individual regardless of race. America is the land of the free individual, who carved his life with his own two hands and suffers the consequences of his failures. This does not imply that America is a permissive nation but rather an America that was regarded as the personification of the ideals of freedom that lie in the hearts of all men. In early American literature, the narrative works of Frederick Douglass reminds the common man that an important detail of the American dream is the realization of the basic God given right to pursue happiness and equality among all men. The founding fathers concentrated more on a sense of economic freedom rather than the freedom of the true American soul. In the times of Frederick Douglass, America was challenged to realize its dream, for the structure of the world did not permit our nation the luxury of an anemic democracy. The price that America could ultimately pay for the conti nued oppression of minority groups and the importance of the self-made man is the price of its own demise. The substance of the American dream can be found the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence. â€Å" We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, creator, with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† This is a great and universal dream but it was fantasy for minority groups. This dream does say another thing that separates our nation from any other nation in the world. Each of us have certain basic rights that are neither derived from or conferred by the state. These basic rights are given by God, gifts from his Holy hand. Never before has one single document expressed in such profound language the dignity and the wort... Free Essays on American Dream The American Dream There are many definitions on how to define The American Dream. Some people see it as having wealth and freedom and not having to worry about financial stability. Others may say that it is working hard for what one has and being able to support his family. Many dictionaries define it as the aspiration of Americans to live better than their parents did. No matter how an individual classifies it, every single one of us has some concept of what the American Dream is. For some, that dream is a reality, and for many more it is a work in progress. As for my parents, their dream changed over time as they grew as a unit. According to my father, their dream was to, â€Å"just be together.† At least that is what it started as in the infant stages of their relationship. Throughout the many years of trials, tribulations, gains and setbacks, their true dream was finally realized and then acquired. Both of my parents discontinued high school when they first married. Although neither of them had any formal education at this time, this may not have been the best decision as my mother also discontinued working and left my father to be the primary financial provider. My father continued his current job at the time which was picking peaches. He was only 16 years old at the time and would seize any opportunity for work he could find. In addition to picking fruit, he also picked cotton and pretty much anything that could be picked. After all, there was money to be earned, and he was going to bring in whatever he could. In addition to the tedious and pitiful field work my father did, he also was in pursuit of a music career. This time-consuming effort only caused problems at the current time. After long days of hard work in the blistering heat, and sometimes in the freezing cold, he would come home and rehearse relentlessly with his brothers. My father, being the perfectionist that he is, would not let out practice until things were ... Free Essays on American Dream Dream only if you aspire to achieve. If you analyze this statement, you will realize that dreaming will never get you anywhere, but acting upon those dreams will push you into a category above others. You and I, like many people, dream of having a fabulous job, a luxurious home, and chic automobiles. These are some of the most basic aspirations we work towards, according to the general assumption of the American Dream. Now ladies and gentlemen?let?s ask ourselves one thing; what are dreams really made of? In today?s upbeat and fast paced society, take sometime to ask yourself...is that big house and the nice car and that reputable job enough to give my life fulfillment, peace, and happiness? Let me tell you, we are missing the big picture of what the ?American Dream? really should be. In America today, nuclear families are very difficult to come across. In America today the divorce rate is higher than any known sovereign country. In America today alcoholism destroys homes and confirm s stereotypes of adolescents and their use of alcohol. Now tell me this, is this the Portrait of an American Dream? Is this portrait, a true reality of what lies behind the ?White Picket Fence Let us take some time to re-evaluate and redefine the true American dream as it should be, and what the American Dream means to a second generation American like myself. Picture this if you will, you are driving to a friend?s house in a posh neighborhood, where every house is one million dollars or more, there is an expensive luxury car in each driveway, the properties expand to a whopping six thousand square feet, and to perfect this picture, there is a white picket fence surrounding these estates. Now this may sound like a pretty alluring setting to the average American, where signs of success are pouring all over this affluent community like a monsoon rainfall. But before you let your imagination wander off too far, let?s add a few twists and turns to this accomp... Free Essays on American Dream How the American Dream can ruin a relationship in the text â€Å"African Passions† In every ethnic group there is what you may call and American Dream. The American dream some can define as the US ideal according to which equal opportunity permits any American to aspire to high attainment and potential success. In my opinion American dreams are more of a goal to where you would like to end up in the future. Most of the American dreams I have heard of were more like having a house with a white picket fence, wonderful husband with a great job, no fights, arguments and everyone in their family gets along. In reality some American dreams do not end up the way most people always envision them to be. In the story â€Å"African Passions† by Beatriz Rivera she has a different way of showing an American dream. The expectations that people bring to the United States regarding the American dream are very unrealistic to me because for example some ethnic groups think that when they come to the United states that everything will be alright. They also think that they will become wealthy in a short period of time and live higher than their means and that the United States has mountains of gold. The expectations that Armando, one of the main characters in African Passions, has for his life does not include Teresa, the other main character in the story. In some cultures the rank of class takes a very important role in the society. â€Å"†¦And even if his family didn’t quite approve because no matter how successful and intelligent she was they always saw her as lower-class Jersey City, New Jersey, Cuban girl whose family owned a Laundromat, Armando said he didnâ⠂¬â„¢t care, he adored her, he couldn’t takes his hands off her.†( Rivera 12) This quote shows how class can dictate how your life can end up. In the case of Armando the class has dictated his life because regardless of his love for Teresa he still wants what is family sees as an Ameri...

Why We Sympathize with MacBeth

Why We Sympathize with MacBeth Free Online Research Papers Why We Sympathize with MacBeth MacBeth fits all of the characteristics of a tragic hero. He is an important character in the play, has a character flaw (his ambition), has one good quality (at the start of the play he was noble and respected), has someone to tempt or persuade him to commit a crime (Lady MacBeth and the witches), deserves his fate (MacBeth did not simply make a mistake, he committed a terrible crime – the murder of a king (and many others) is definitely frowned upon in Elizabethan times), and was punished for the crime (he was killed), which he has committed. MacBeth definitely is the tragic hero of MacBeth. By giving him a good quality, the author creates sympathy for MacBeth. Philosophers, such as Aristotle, believed that the audience must feel sympathy for the tragic hero; otherwise, it was not considered a good play because the audience could not empathize with the tragic hero. MacBeth has a very good quality: his courage. He says: â€Å"Ill fight till from my bones my flesh be hacked. Give me my armor.† 5, 3, 32-33 He says this even though he realizes he will die. The tragic hero and everyone associated with him must die. MacBeth should die because he has committed both treason and a religious crime – he is killed by MacDuff. Lady MacBeth commits suicide towards the end of the play, and MacBeths followers are killed in the last battle of the play. Furthermore, MacBeth causes pain and suffering to innocent parties, and, thus, fulfilling the very definition of a â€Å"tragic hero†. Readers feel sorry for MacBeth because of all the reasons that make a tragic hero. In the beginning of the play MacBeth was certainly a military hero who was worthy of the praises and rewards bestowed upon him. Shakespeare described him in terms such as these: â€Å"For brave MacBeth – well he deserves that name –† 1, 2,16 â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen.† 1, 2, 24 â€Å"What he hath lost, noble MacBeth hath won.† 1, 2, 67 MacBeth is portrayed as a brave and loyal soldier who fights for king and country. His only weakness is his ambition. When the witches prophesize that he is going to become Thane of Cawdor and afterwards king, MacBeth does not believe any of it. But when he later does become Thane of Cawdor he is hard put to ignore the prophecy as the first step in a seemingly unattainable goal has suddenly become within reach for him. Without the witches’ prophesy in his head it is very doubtful MacBeth would have acted the way that he did, the prophesy gives MacBeth the feeling that all the events are preordained and that even without any interference from him things would snowball to the end result anyway. Shakespeare makes you feel sorry for him in that MacBeth felt like he didn’t really have any choice in the matter; everything was out of his control. When MacBeth hears of the witches’ prophesy the thought of killing his king is abhorrent to him: â€Å"†¦Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair And make my seated heart knock at my ribs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1, 3, 134-135 â€Å"†¦Present fears Are less than horrible imaginings.† 1, 3, 136-137 The play lets you see that MacBeth is very reluctant to take any action towards him becoming king but with the witches’ prophesy and Lady MacBeth’s urging, cajoling, insulting and threatening he is under a lot of pressure to act accordingly. Audiences feel sorry for MacBeth as he is tempted by the prospect of becoming king but at the price of murdering a man that had been very good and generous to him. MacBeth struggles with his morals and his conscience but in the end his ambition wins and he gives in to the evil urges. â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued against The deep damnation of his taking-off.† 1, 7, 13-20 â€Å"†¦ That tears shall drown the wind. I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself And falls on th’other – † 1, 7,25-28 MacBeth had even decided not to murder the king however his wife and the witches were too much for him to handle so finally he succumbed to their combined pressures. Even though MacBeth murdered four people Shakespeare paints MacBeth as a man deeply troubled and tormented by his bloody deeds. MacBeth sees Banquo’s ghost and is deeply shaken by the encounter: â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me!† 3, 4, 50-51 His guilty conscience tortures him. When he became king, MacBeth does not even get to enjoy it, he was tormented by guilt and ghosts created by his mind and his becoming king only brought him pain and suffering – this is all shown in the play and that’s why readers feel such sorrow for MacBeth. He had done so much yet never had the chance to enjoy the fruits of his labor. In the end MacBeth loses everything; he loses what he coveted the most and did anything and everything to get: the kingship, but more tragically he also loses interest in life itself: â€Å"†¦ Better be with the dead Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave. After life’s fitful fever, he sleeps well.† 3, 2, 19-23 He even envies the peace of death that Duncan enjoys. Lady MacBeth kills herself and it does not even matter anymore to MacBeth. The irony of it was that he had everything that he’d ever wanted yet his life had becoming meaningless. â€Å"Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player †¦ It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury Signifying nothing.† 5,5 23-26 The crux of the problem was the witches. Without the prophecies he would not have killed his king, he would not have ordered the murder of Banquo and MacDuff’s family and he would not have thought himself invincible and gone into battle only to get himself killed. It is not MacBeth’s actions that made him what he became but rather the actions of those around him i.e. Lady MacBeth. Throughout the whole play we are constantly reminded that MacBeth never made any decision by himself to do the things that he did. It is always the interference of someone else that had caused those things to happen. Readers feel the deepest sympathy for MacBeth who commits one horrific crime after another at the urgings of others when he would have been content to just being the Thane of Cawdor – and illustrious title in itself. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1, 1, 31 But most sad of all MacBeth is primarily the victim of his own ambition. Another reason Shakespeare gives for us to feel sympathy for MacBeth is the fact that they cannot have children. MacBeth says to Lady MacBeth: â€Å"Bring forth men-children only, †¦Nothing but males†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1, 7, 72-74 This shows how much MacBeth wants an heir. Yet Lady MacBeth is unable to give him any. This might be because of Lady MacBeth’s demand that the spirits â€Å"unsex† her so she is able to kill Duncan. Readers feel sorry for MacBeth about this because it is through no fault of his that he will not have any children. Although MacBeth is certainly a villainous, evil man based solely on his actions, a fuller examination of his characters portrayal leads to a more sympathetic view of him. The play does not portray MacBeth simply as a cold-blooded murderer, but rather as a tortured soul attempting to deal with the atrocities surrounding him. The main reason why readers would feel sorry for MacBeth would be that everything that had happened wasn’t really his fault. Lady MacBeth even kills herself because she couldn’t handle the guilt anymore – this is very sad for MacBeth, as they were very close in the play. Readers also feel sorry for him in that he lost the only person he trusted and was close to. At the conclusion of the play the cruelest blow yet is dealt to MacBeth. The witches had informed him that ‘no man born of woman’ could kill him. He was lulled into a false sense of security so feels confident in going out to battle. What he does not know and does not find out until right before his death is that Macduff was born by Cesarean section – in Elizabethan times this was not considered natural, therefore not ‘born to a woman’. Readers can pity this man who had once been a loyal and trusted soldier serving his liege but instead became a â€Å"tyrant† and â€Å"butcher† who with his â€Å"fiend-like queen† committed regicide and other horrific murders to become king but end up lose everything he had. Research Papers on Why We Sympathize with MacBethHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenBringing Democracy to Africa

The Definition of Hydrometer

The Definition of Hydrometer A hydrometer or hydroscope is a device that measures the relative densities of two liquids. They are typically calibrated to measure the specific gravity of a liquid. In addition to specific gravity, other scales may be used, such as API gravity for petroleum, Plato scale for brewing, Baume scale for chemistry, and Brix scale for wineries and fruit juices. The invention of the instrument is credited to Hypatia of Alexandria in the latter part of the 4th century or early 5th century. Hydrometer Composition and Use There are several different types of hydrometers, but the most common version is a closed glass tube with a weighted bulb at one end and a scale going up the side. Mercury used to be used to weight the bulb, but newer versions may use lead shot instead, which is much less hazardous in case the instrument breaks. A sample of liquid to be tested is poured into a sufficiently tall container. The hydrometer is lowered into the liquid until it floats and the point where the liquid touches the scale on the stem is noted. Hydrometers are calibrated for various uses, so they tend to be specific for the application (e.g., measuring fat content of milk or proof of alcoholic spirits). How a Hydrometer Works Hydrometers function based on Archimedes principle or the principle of flotation, which states a solid suspended in a fluid will be buoyed up by a force equal to that of the weight of the fluid that is displaced. So, a hydrometer sinks further into a liquid of low density than into one of high density. Examples of Uses Saltwater aquarium enthusiasts use hydrometers to monitor the salinity or salt content of their aquariums. While the glass instrument may be used, plastic devices are safer alternatives. The plastic hydrometer is filled with aquarium water, causing a tethered float to rise according to salinity. Specific gravity can be read on the scale. Saccharometer - A saccharometer is a type of hydrometer used to measure the concentration of sugar in a solution. This instrument is of particular use to brewers and winemakers. Urinometer - A urinometer is a medical hydrometer used to indicate patient hydration by measuring the specific gravity of urine. Alcoholmeter - Also known as a proof hydrometer or Tralles hydrometer, this device simply measures liquid density but isnt used to directly measure proof of alcohol, since dissolved sugars also affect the reading. In order estimate alcoholic content, measurements are taken both before and after fermentation. The calculation is made after subtracting the initial reading from the final reading. Antifreeze Tester - This simple device is used to determine the ratio of antifreeze to water used for engine cooling. The desired value depends on the season of use, hence the term winterizing when its important the coolant doesnt freeze.

Shifting the Social Balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Shifting the Social Balance - Essay Example This shift represents a major step in the development of civilization because it focuses on hard evidence, observable fact, and verifiable conclusions. Science opened up the possibility of questioning long-held beliefs and examining them for truth while the Enlightenment made it possible to hold these debates in public, even refuting concepts that proved inaccurate. Revolutionary tools and ideas illustrate how the Scientific Revolution influenced society while the Enlightenment firmly established science and reason as the only logical standard on which to base worldly human thought. Copernicus, somewhat by accident, touched off the Scientific Revolution in the early 16th century when he wrote to Pope Paul III for support in his recent astrological findings. Using solid math, appropriate research and direct observation, Copernicus concluded that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than, as the Church would have people believe, the Sun revolving around the Earth (Copernicus 1543 c ited in Levick, 2004: 524). His evidence was meticulously outlined and his conclusions were sound, but his ideas were introduced to a mostly unreceptive public who still preferred to believe they were central to God's creation. Galileo, introducing some of these same ideas, would gain greater exposure for the idea thanks to the recent invention of the telescope. This made it possible for other people to go and observe with their own eyes the rotations both Galileo and Copernicus had outlined - helped a bit with Galileo's high-class 'star-gazing' parties (Kaku, 2008). Through a simple telescope such as those used by Galileo and his friends, it is possible to see the craters of the moon and the orbits of some of the moons of Jupiter. These observations, combined with sound mathematic principles, made it possible for Galileo, and Copernicus, to prove reality. â€Å"All reasonings about mechanics have their foundations in geometry, in which I do not see that largeness and smallness mak e large circles †¦ subject to properties different from those of small ones† (Levick, 2004: 322).

Mangosteen Remedies Marketing Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mangosteen Remedies Marketing Plan - Coursework Example From this paper it is clear that physicians prescribe the drugs for chronic diseases as mentioned above, which are mostly NSAIDs, to provide relief from pain. Although, they are highly effective yet they have severe side effects too. The worst part is that once patient stops consuming it, disease returns with a bang. They are only a stopgap arrangement and not a real cure in themselves. These medicines cause stomach cramps, drowsiness, diarrhea, heartburn, edema (swelling of the feet), nausea and much of the discomfort. Moreover, NSAIDs pose a risk of causing stroke, heart attacks, clotting, and kidney failure, if consumed for a longer duration. The risk is associated with the amount of dosages. No one would like to have such risks and dependency on such drugs. If choice is available for an alternative medicine; it is for sure that patient would prefer switching over to a safer drug where there are no side effects even after taking medicines for a long time. ‘Mangosteen Remedie s’ produces medicines from rind of mangosteen and using many such herbs. Mangosteen is a naturally available fruit. Its remedial potential lies in compounds called xanthones found in abundance in the rind of this fruit. Medical science has found a large group of xanthones in mangosteen. Xanthones are recognized as most potent antioxidants provided by Mother Nature. Antioxidants are the compounds that throw toxic elements out of our body and prevent oxidation of our cells. That is how it increases our immunity slowing the process of ageing and providing strength to fight back chronic diseases. Anti-inflammatory properties of xanthone make it an ideal substitute for many steroid-based drugs in the long run. (Properties of Xanthones) That is why it is found to work on asthma patients giving them relief including the patients suffering from bronchitis asthma. Mangosteen rind extract is found to work in many ailments for the above mentioned reasons. It imparts a rejuvenating effec t increasing the energy levels in humans and a good part is that it delivers a permanent cure without causing any side effects. The manufacturing operation consists of extracting xanthones from mangosteen rind and suitable preparations are made that are high in xanthone concentrations. Medicines outside of U.S FDA ‘Mangosteen Remedies’ products will be marketed in the form of dietary supplements. U.S. FDA does not offer any opinion on dietary supplements. This is to establish the fact that these medicines are beyond the purview of U.S. FDA.

Toyota Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Strategic Management - Essay Example By delivering quality products to customers, the company is able to increase loyalty of the customers towards the brand and this is one of the reasons why the company has large number of satisfied customers around the world (Berger, 2011). Adoption of Innovative strategies and new technology Toyota focuses on innovations and bringing in new technologies to cater customers’ rising needs and to meet customers’ demands (Ghemawat, 2007). Company has analyzed the need of hybrid-cars in United States; therefore coming up with those cars was strategic choice as it has increased customer loyalty and increasing customer value. More focus on HR than before Toyota’s focus on human resource than before has achieved them to come up with more innovative products. Toyota believes in kaizen (continuous learning) has enabled its employees to be more productive than ever before. Toyota takes its employees as an ultimate source to value generation and long-term profit. The company analyzes how important the idea of career development is for employees and makes sure that employees do believe that they have a successful career at Toyota (Latham, Winters, and Locke, 1994). The company also invests in its human resource by providing different kinds of trainings to improve their productivity and this has allowed the company to achieve lower cost in comparison to competing firms like Honda. So Toyota’s more focus to HR has enabled it stay competitive for long-run Honda (Berger, 2011). Optimizing cost by kaizen (High quality with an affordable price, niche) Toyota’s decision to focus on the niche who demands for low priced quality cars and to cater the needs of this segment the Toyota team has come up with high quality automobiles with an affordable price (Steger, 2009). With the Kaizen strategy followed and implemented well at Toyota, the company has been able to manufacture automobiles at a lower cost than other firms including Honda (Berger, 2011). Firm’s decision to focus on CSR Toyota has decided to be more environmental friendly by fulfilling social corporate responsibilities which has allowed them to increase their brand’s image in the eyes of customers and other stake holders. This has helped them to increase their customer base and to meet all environmental obligations (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, and Armstrong, 2005). categorize these choices using Porter's four generic strategies Cost focus Toyota’s focus on training and development to increase skills and abilities of its employees has increased their productivity and reduced damages in the work environment which has allowed Toyota to be more cost-effective. This ensures the adoption of cost focus Porter’s generic strategy by Toyota. Differentiation strategy Toyota’s continuous research to bring in timely innovations to cater customer’s rising needs and desires has allowed them to create a point of difference among other automobile manufactures. This shows implementation of differentiation strategy to increase long-run profits. Market segmentation Toyota has adopted market segmentation strategy by segmenting its target market on the basis of customers’ needs and affordability. SWOT Perspective Well above discussed Porter’s generic strategies have enabled the company to convert its many weaknesses such as cost optimization to its biggest strength, well the above adopted strategies has allowed the Toyota to

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Business Plan - Essay Example That is the reason why the â€Å"Business Plan† report should contain some fundamental parameters like the overall market and the financial analysis of the business. In this particular case of opening franchise business a detailed company summery and ownership structure is also needed to be included. This is because the strength and weaknesses of the original company is being reflected in the respective franchise. The basic marketing strategy and product offering remains same throughout all the franchises. Here in this particular case a franchise is being opened in an international location. Thus a detailed market analysis of the company is required prior to any financial assumptions. This business plan will distinctly contain three sections. The first section will contain the company background (PinkBerry), the second section will give an overview of the general marketing strategy of PinkBerry and the third section will give an estimate of the financial estimates of the propo sed franchise. The Company started its operation in the year 2005 and it has originated mainly from the two cities of Los Angeles and New York and within five years of their operation the company PinkBerry has successfully established its leadership in the frozen yogurt segment. (â€Å"The leading, enduring, frozen yogurt brand for franchising†, 2009). Operating in a very concentrated segment the company has concentrated more on developing a cult-like following in its customer base. Though the company has originated locally, its prime focus is to expand both in the local and the global market simultaneously. Its local growth had hit a landmark as PinkBerry opened its first airport store in the month of September of the year 2009. (â€Å"The leading, enduring, frozen yogurt brand for franchising†, 2009) The other local expansion plans are going on in Northern California, Texas, Washington D.C and Florida. (â€Å"The leading, enduring, frozen yogurt brand for

Maldives Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maldives - Research Paper Example It not only contributed the most to the country’s GDP but also became the country’s greatest contributor to earning foreign currency (Ministry of Tourism, 2011). Over the years, Maldives has been a tourist attraction based on its tropical setting and favourable climate. Its aesthetic quality gives it the appearance of a paradise on the earth. Away from the hustle and bustle of daily lives, it attracts tourists from all over the world to enjoy tranquillity in its clear water and tropical climate. The several islands and blissful beaches of Maldives are ideal for relaxation. Maldives offers extraordinary underwater scenery and taking advantage of its clear waters, the islands have introduced water-sporting activities such as scuba diving, water skiing and kite boarding (Masters 2006). Recently, Maldives has been acknowledged as one of the best destinations of the world to experience recreational diving (Garrod et al 2008). Alongside these positive aspects of tourism in Ma ldives, it must be noted that this flourishing sector is also resulting in some adverse effects on the wildlife of the islands and their natural surroundings. The increasing numbers of tourists that visit Maldives throughout the years are known to be a cause of disruption of the natural environment of Maldives’ wildlife. Due to this large influx of tourists visiting the islands, Maldives is experiencing a slow yet massive decline in its wildlife (Shelton 2010). Ormond, a leading scientist at SaveOurSeas Foundation, claimed that even though tourism may provide the financial support to preserve the water species, it may negatively affect the feeding patterns of the animals, which may migrate or decline in population; therefore, degrading the wildlife experienced by the tourists. In 2009, Maldives was awarded the title of Marine Protected Area (MPA) and laws and regulations were enacted for control and prevention of harm to the islands’ flora, fauna and wildlife. Despite these laws and regulations, the wildlife is declining, mainly because of the lack of effective reinforcement of these laws. Stevens, a researcher working to save the lives of the manta rays, claims that without ensuring quick control on numbers of tourists and other regulations regarding the influx of people, the islands will experience a great negative impact due to its largest contributor towards economy. Therefore, proper management must be enacted for the betterment of wildlife and the tourist experience (Shelton 2010). Moreover, in the last three decades of flourishing tourism, Maldives has experienced a rise in the number of resorts available to tourists on the islands. However, interestingly, the locals do not reside in the same areas where the resorts are located. Therefore, the tourists are quite segregated from the local population of the islands. This limits the positive and negative impacts on both the tourists and the locals. The tourists may be unable to understand the culture or even the frustration the locals feel at the negative impacts of tourism while the locals may be unable to grasp foreign cultures and therefore, exposure to the international world is limited. II) Historical Origins   Initially, the economy of Maldives was almost entirely based on fisheries, yet towards the end of the 20th century, Maldives became introduced to the world as a tourist spot. Since

American History 1946-2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American History 1946-2012 - Essay Example Primarily two objectives, that is, supporting democracy and containment of communism, shaped the US policy for the Cold War. In his â€Å"Joint Address before Congress†, President Truman clearly asserts, â€Å"Greece must have assistance if it is to become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy.† (Truman, 1947, p. 3) The US policy of containment was fundamentally the outcome of President Truman’s reaction to the Soviet leaders’ expansionist tendency. This policy of containing the expansionist Soviet leaders remains the baseline of the US policy during the whole period of the Cold War. Indeed, almost all of Truman’s descendants, more or less, had attempted to put this policy of containment into operation in different contexts with different measures (Nigel, 2006, pp. 45-49). The Cold War can be considered as a clash of interests between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, the superpowers of the world during the post Second-Wor ld-War era. The war continued from 1947 to 1991. After the World War II, the US foreign policymakers did not need Soviet support any more to defeat the Axis Powers; therefore, they refused to acknowledge the Soviets’ security concern in Europe. ... Indeed, these distrusts and strife between the two superpowers subsequently the 50 years long Cold War ensued. In February 1945, the failure of the Yalta Conference in the Crimea was essentially one of the events which forecasted the Cold War (â€Å"The Cold War†, 2003, pars. 1). Though during the Cold War, ideological, political, economic and military tensions existed at an extreme level, the superpowers did not become involved in any direct war. Rather their military involvements were confined to proxy wars in various geographical regions of interests. Nuclear arm race between the two main parties of the war, the USA and the Soviet Union, began as a response to the superpowers’ desire to overpower each other. (Schweizer, 1994, pp. 69-74) During the Cold War, Kennedy Administration’s cold-war policies diverged a bit from the baseline of the traditional US foreign policy. During the most critical period of the War in the 1960s, President Kennedy adopted a policy, variedly known as â€Å"Flexible Response†, â€Å"Containment of Communism† and â€Å"Reversal of Soviet Progress†, etc, which was more tactful than his predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower’s militarily staunch response to the Soviet Forces (Schweizer, 1994, p. 209). In fact, this diplomatic stance of the Kennedy Administration critically shaped the premises of future American foreign policy. Truman’s policy was to restore economy in the war-affect European countries, since he believed that â€Å"The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want†¦They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife† (Truman, 1947, p. 6). The main goal of his policy was to ensure

Maldives Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maldives - Research Paper Example It not only contributed the most to the country’s GDP but also became the country’s greatest contributor to earning foreign currency (Ministry of Tourism, 2011). Over the years, Maldives has been a tourist attraction based on its tropical setting and favourable climate. Its aesthetic quality gives it the appearance of a paradise on the earth. Away from the hustle and bustle of daily lives, it attracts tourists from all over the world to enjoy tranquillity in its clear water and tropical climate. The several islands and blissful beaches of Maldives are ideal for relaxation. Maldives offers extraordinary underwater scenery and taking advantage of its clear waters, the islands have introduced water-sporting activities such as scuba diving, water skiing and kite boarding (Masters 2006). Recently, Maldives has been acknowledged as one of the best destinations of the world to experience recreational diving (Garrod et al 2008). Alongside these positive aspects of tourism in Ma ldives, it must be noted that this flourishing sector is also resulting in some adverse effects on the wildlife of the islands and their natural surroundings. The increasing numbers of tourists that visit Maldives throughout the years are known to be a cause of disruption of the natural environment of Maldives’ wildlife. Due to this large influx of tourists visiting the islands, Maldives is experiencing a slow yet massive decline in its wildlife (Shelton 2010). Ormond, a leading scientist at SaveOurSeas Foundation, claimed that even though tourism may provide the financial support to preserve the water species, it may negatively affect the feeding patterns of the animals, which may migrate or decline in population; therefore, degrading the wildlife experienced by the tourists. In 2009, Maldives was awarded the title of Marine Protected Area (MPA) and laws and regulations were enacted for control and prevention of harm to the islands’ flora, fauna and wildlife. Despite these laws and regulations, the wildlife is declining, mainly because of the lack of effective reinforcement of these laws. Stevens, a researcher working to save the lives of the manta rays, claims that without ensuring quick control on numbers of tourists and other regulations regarding the influx of people, the islands will experience a great negative impact due to its largest contributor towards economy. Therefore, proper management must be enacted for the betterment of wildlife and the tourist experience (Shelton 2010). Moreover, in the last three decades of flourishing tourism, Maldives has experienced a rise in the number of resorts available to tourists on the islands. However, interestingly, the locals do not reside in the same areas where the resorts are located. Therefore, the tourists are quite segregated from the local population of the islands. This limits the positive and negative impacts on both the tourists and the locals. The tourists may be unable to understand the culture or even the frustration the locals feel at the negative impacts of tourism while the locals may be unable to grasp foreign cultures and therefore, exposure to the international world is limited. II) Historical Origins   Initially, the economy of Maldives was almost entirely based on fisheries, yet towards the end of the 20th century, Maldives became introduced to the world as a tourist spot. Since

Place Your Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Place Your Vote - Essay Example Why energy is an important factor to consider when electing a presidentI would like to bring back some memories that most Americans would love to erase from their memories. This concerns the high oil prices that were experienced during Bush’s tenure in White House in 2008. This is a clear indication of the intricate nature of the oil prices to the American economy. Schoen (2008) while talking about the price increases by over 50 percent in January of 2008 observed that:â€Å"Airlines have been struggling to make a profit, even as they cut jobs and flights. American Airlines became the latest to announce it was tightening its belt another notch, saying Thursday that it plans to shrink capacity by as much as 12 percent and cut thousands of jobs† (Schoen, 2008)Furthermore, Schoen elaborates that these airlines were contemplating an increase in the prices of checking the first bag. He contends that smaller airlines would have had to file for bankruptcy. Other industries, su ch as the automobiles also experienced a drop in sales which is definitely not good to the overall wellness of the economy. Moreover, the price of food and other household goods were expected to rise. Threats of inflation were being envisaged at the time and these tended to spill over to the housing sector and the credit markets (Schoen, 2008). This led to job losses, higher costs of living and a generally dented economy.During this trying time inflation was attributed to the high oil prices that were being experienced.  

The end of the play Essay Example for Free

The end of the play Essay But Alfieri respects Eddie for being willing to lay down his life for what he sees as justice, even if he does not have the backing of law, when he says the truth is holy. Arthur Miller wrote in the NY Times article that Tragedy arises when we are in the presence of a man who has missed accomplishing his joy. But the job must be there, the promise of the right way of life must be there. Eddie is a tragic character because he will do anything for the truth, or what he sees as the truth. Alfieri later says he allowed himself to be wholly know and for that I will love him more than all of my sensible clients. He prefers Eddie to the more sensible people he has come across because he fought for justice. But Eddie isnt sensible enough to separate justice from his own feelings of indignation. His actions are driven mainly by self interest but he doesnt realise this himself and he breaks a code of honour which binds Red Hook together. He betrays Eddie and Marco to the authorities which is extremely dishonourable. After Beatrice tells Catherine about Vinny Bolzano who betrayed his uncle to Immigration. Eddie says you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. Honour is very important in the Italian-American community of Red Hook and Eddie is desperate for his reputation back at the end, so his death could be seen as his zenith. Eddies motives were not purely good, but himself purely. Alfieri sees it as an attractive aspect of Eddies character that he was not willing to sacrifice his dignity for a easier life even though he is aware of the problems it caused. The play draws to a close with the words And so I mourn him I admit it with a certain alarm Miller makes clear that Eddie is not a selfless hero, he is almost an anti-hero. In the end he loses everything; Catherine, his wife, his name. He can only fight Marco to the death. In death he restores some of his lost honour because he doesnt try to escape his fate. This can also be interpreted as Alfieris horror that Eddie destroyed himself and he was unable to stop it. Eddie is holding the knife as it stabs him, so he literally dies by his own hand so his death could also be seen as his nadir. This links with the part in his introduction at the start about lawyers before him sitting in their offices hearing similar cases, sitting there as a powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. reinforcing the sense of inevitably about Eddies downfall. Miller wants the ending of the play to inspire discussion and excuse us to question things we have previously accepted. He says in his definition of tragedy that it brings us knowledge or enlightenment as opposed to pathos which just brings us sadness, sympathy, on even fear, which just brings us sadness, sympathy or even fear. Without this final speech the play would just and with those things. Arguably, Alfieris speech is designed to bring us knowledge and enlightenment. On the other hands, Alfieri sounds confused. Miller certainly wants us to discuss the issues raised in his speech but Alfieri is not very persuasive in telling as why feels that something perversely pure calls out to [him] from [Eddies] memory. He sounds as if he has out much of an idea why he feels this way despite evidence to the contrary. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Essay --

4.15 Addressing resistance It is important to gain employees support by keeping them well informed and involved during the change process. Piderit (2000) stated in a quote saying ‘’successful organizational adaptation is increasingly reliant on generating employee support and enthusiasm for proposed changes, rather than merely overcoming resistance’’. 56 M: ‘’I believe people should be informed as to the need for change and encouraged by senior management. Perhaps the promise of extra benefits or a pay rise once change has been successfully implemented would provide a degree of motivation’’. E1: ‘’Create open communication channels with employees in order to keep them informed about the process and to gain their support’’. The question asked about how resistance was addressed received mixed responses, the manager was seeking a motivational factor to encourage employees not resist in the shape of a pay rise, which is very logical, however the employee’s response was more about being informed in order to be supportive. Therefore what is required is to prepare employees for change, and this can be done via effective communication in the shape of seminars, newsletters, face-to-face meetings and other means. Some factors add to the fire of resistance rather than minimise it, a breakdown in communication channels or the communication of the wrong message is vital. Maintaining consistency of the message by ensuring the validity and reliability of the message is of particular importance to ensure that the correct message is delivered. CEO: ‘’Poor understanding caused by poor communication, communication is not briefing and telling people, communication is sending the message out, having it received and repeated back to you and you confirm... ...nderestimated, (ii) the benefits that could be achieved if it is done correctly and more importantly (iii) the problems that could be caused if you don’t address resistance to change’’. In response to my question about the lessons learnt, the three points highlight in a way or another, the importance of communication. To my understanding employee engagement in this context means the creation of a dialogue and opening of communication channels, delivering a message via the dialogue and ensuring that the message is repeated back to ensure validity of the message. The third point addresses and affirms that there could be obstacles that could surface if we don’t recognise the importance of addressing resistance to change. 60 Chapter 5: Discussions and Analysis of Findings "If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t change it, change your attitude" Maya Angelou

Sinking Into Society Essay -- World History

In any nation mistakes have been the source of change. Whether it is safety or governmental reform or a revolution in the nation’s lifestyle and customs, those mistakes have made a lasting imprint on the minds of their people. The sinking of one of history’s maiden voyages, the Titanic, has made such impact on the American people; Titanic cannot be mentioned without stirring deep emotions for those who have perished. It is one of history’s most devastating catastrophes but it is also the first ship to send the new SOS distress call instead of the original CQD signal meaning â€Å"all stations: distress†. Titanic â€Å"was the ship of dreams, whose passengers scrounged up their life savings to purchase a ticket abroad the maiden ship† (Titanic). Constructed with millionaire suites and private promenade decks, Titanic â€Å"was the largest moving object ever made by the hand of man in all history† (Titanic). However, in its determination to mak e the journey across the Atlantic the fastest ever recorded, it ultimately sank to the bottom of the ocean, leaving behind a legacy still found in America today. Titanic’s infamous flounder has affected America’s culture in unthinkable ways; its legacy can be found in American media, the spawning of new technological advancements, and in the world’s current maritime policies. News of Titanic’s sinking reached America quickly. It was front-page news for months and the first time that â€Å"a major news event was reported to the public primarily through electronic means, the wireless telegraph† (Titanic as Popular Culture). The US National Newspaper stated that â€Å"coverage of the Titanic disaster transformed New York Times into a global voice because of its integrity, accuracy, and immediate coverage† (Titanic as ... ... the minds of the American people. It has transformed America in astonishing ways, and its legacy will continue to impact American culture for years to come. Works Cited Minichiello, Ray. "Titanic Tragedy Spawns Wireless Advancements." Audio UK Is the Webs Best Directory for Audio HiFi Dealers and Manufacturers in the UK. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. "Titanic as Popular Culture." Media Awareness Network | Rà ©seau à ©ducation Mà ©dias. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. Titanic. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, and Billy Zane. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, 1997. IMDb. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. "Titanic Disaster." Emergency Medical Paramedic. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. Wikipedia contributors. "Changes in safety practices following the RMS Titanic disaster." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free–Encyclopedia, 13 Jan. 2012. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

A Critique of the Research Article Essay

A Critique of the Research Article: Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis Abstract The purpose of this research article is to discuss lower risk drugs such as Methadone and Buprenorphine given to Heroin addicted pregnant patients to create better neonatal and maternal outcomes. This research articles discusses the gold standard of treatment for better neonatal and maternal outcomes. Keywords: heroin, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, methadone, buprenorphine, gold standard treatment A Critique of the Research Article: Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis Methadone is a synthetic opioid. It is used medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive and reductive preparation for use by patients with opioid dependency. It was developed in Germany in 1937. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by Eli Lilly and Company. The principal effects of methadone maintenance are to relieve narcotic craving, suppress the abstinence syndrome, and block the euphoric effects associated with opiates. When used correctly, Methadone maintenance has been found to be medically safe and non-sedating. It is also indicated for pregnant women addicted to opiates. (doi:http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/methadone) The theoretical study was not discussed in the articles but Roy’s Model identifies the elements considered essential to adaptation and describes how the elements interact to produce adaptation and thus health. Methadone helps the pregnant opioid dependent individual adapt to a lower risk drug and produces an overall healthier maternal and prenatal outcome. Middle Range Theory is less abstract and narrowed in the scope than conceptual models. These types of theories focus on answering particular practice questions and often specify such factors: patient’s health conditions, family situations and nursing actions. While researching this topic there were areas that were discussed, about patients being afraid to seek Methadone treatment and prenatal care because they were ashamed of how health care professionals would view them. It was also stated that patients in better overall health and less family related stress situations would more than likely be the ones to receive proper prenatal care and seek Methadone treatment. Opioid dependent pregnant patients and their fetus have more physical, mental and psychological issues. (Kaltenbach, Berghella, & Finnegan, 1998). Opioid dependent pregnant patients are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. (Fajemiroku-Odudeyi et al. , 2005). To lower the health risks, pregnant women who are opiate dependent have been treated with methadone maintenance, the standard of care for several decades. (Jones et al. , 2005). Another treatment option became available when the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of buprenorphine maintenance therapy in 2002, which is another substitute for methadone. The research article â€Å"Opioid Dependency in Pregnancy and Length of Stay for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome† examines 152 opioid-dependent pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy (n=136 the participants that are using methadone) or buprenorphine maintenance therapy (n=16 the participants that are using buprenorphine) during pregnancy and their neonates. The neonates were born between January 1, 2005 and December 2007. The use of methadone in opioid dependent pregnant women lowers maternal morbidity and mortality rates and promotes fetal stability and growth compared to the use of heroin (Ludlow, Evans, & Hulse, 2004). Continuous methadone treatment during pregnancy is associated with improved earlier antenatal care (Burns, Mattick, Lim & Wallace, 2007), compliance with prenatal care and better preparation for infant care and parenting responsibilities (Dawe, Harnett, Rendalls, & Staiger, 2003). Stabilization on methadone avoids the dangers of repeated intoxication and withdrawal cycles. Methadone has to be picked up by the patient at the treatment facilities. Attendance at these facilities allow pregnant patients opportunities to receive essential antenatal care and advice for a healthy pregnancy, which some of the patients otherwise may not receive. While conducting this research it was not clearly evident what was being researched until the conclusion of the results was determined. Based on the number of participants depended on the outcome of the better treatment. Therefore the results are not as accurate as could be if there were a larger amount of participants. There were no violations of patient rights with the methods used. The research article â€Å"Methadone in pregnancy: treatment retention and neonatal outcomes† examines three different groups of women: a group who entered continuous treatment at least one year prior to birth, a group who entered continuous treatment in the 6 months prior to birth, and a group whose last treatment program prior to birth ended at least one year prior to birth. Births that occurred after 1994 were selected for this analysis. Overall, 2 993 women were on the methadone program at delivery. The number of births rose steadily from 62 in 1992 to 459 in 2002. A particular strength of the large sample size was the ability to examine the effect of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes. Among mothers on methadone at delivery, early commencement on methadone was associated with increased antenatal care and reduced prematurity. This is consistent with previous research that has shown that methadone in conjunction with adequate prenatal care promotes fetal stability and growth. Ethics approval for the project was granted by the NSW Department of Health Ethics Committee. All data was provided to the researchers’ only once full identification of records had taken place with password protected computers and firewall protection. This method was used to protect patient’s rights. Based on a large sample size, researchers were able to examine the effects of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes. Although researchers had a large sample size based on certain ethical restrictions, limited the amount of information given to researchers, which waived the outcomes of individual’s results not being totally accurate. The research article â€Å"Methadone and perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study† examines A total of 117 pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment recruited between July 2009 and July 2010. Measurements information on concomitant drug use was recorded with the Addiction Severity Index. Perinatal outcomes included pre-term birth (

Spongebob

1. Sloth-Patrick Sloth is the sin of laziness, or unwillingess to act. Obviously this is Patrick. He lays under a rock all the time and doesn't really do anything. In fact in the episode â€Å"Big Pink Loser† he got an award for doing nothing the longest. 2. Wrath-Squidward Wrath involves feelings of hatred and anger. Squidward hates his life, usually hates SpongeBob, and is pretty much angry most of the time. 3. Greed-Mr. Krabs Obviously Mr. Krabs is greedy and desires money. How could Greed not be Krabs? He actually sang about the power of greed in â€Å"Selling Out†. 4. Envy-Plankton Plankton is envious of Mr.Krabs because The Krusty Krab is a success while The Chum Bucket is a failure. His envy drives him to try to steal the Krabby Patty secret formula. 5. Glutony-Gary I actually think this one is pretty funny. Did you ever notice the running gag in Spongebob where they say â€Å"don't forget to feed Gary† or Sponge says â€Å"I gotta go feed Gary†. Ga ry even ran away that time when SpongeBob forgot to feed him. Glutony usually refers to the overindulgence of food so I'm guessing this one fits him pretty well. 6. Pride-Sandy Sandy takes a lot of pride in who she is and where she comes from.She takes pride in the fact that she is from Texas and likes to let everyone know it. She also takes pride in the fact that she is a mammal and a land creature, like in the episode â€Å"Pressure† where she tried to prove land critters were better than sea critters. 7. Lust-SpongeBob Ok, I know what your thinking. It does seem a little weird and curious at first but I have given it a lot of thought. Lust in one definition is â€Å"excessive love of others†. I think this one works best for Spongebob. He shows his love of others with his overeagerness to do good and help people.If anything is true about SpongeBob its that he loves everyone around him, even if they don't exactly love him back. 1. Greed (Mr. Krabs) – this is by far the most obvious comparison that can be made. The avarice of Eugene Krabs is made painfully clear throughout the series. He is constantly thinking of ways to turn a profit, even if it involves taking advantage of his friends or putting them in harmful situations! In one episode, he sings a song called â€Å"If I Could Talk to Money†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and there’s even a wiki page devoted to compiling all of his greedy plans! 2. Envy (Plankton) – another no brainer.With all of Krabs’ wealth and good fortune, there has been an equal amount of hard luck and failure for his archrival, Sheldon Plankton. Plankton owns a struggling restaurant called â€Å"The Chum Bucket† and is consumed with the desire to achieve the success of his adversary. His life’s goal is to steal the Krabby Patty formula from his Krabs and drive his primary competitor out of business. 3. Sloth (Patrick) – the guy lives under a rock for crying out loud! If that isn’t enough to convince you, in the episode â€Å"Big Pink Loser†Patrick is given an award for ‘doing absolutely nothing longer than anyone else’.He then proceeds go back under his rock to protect his title. 4. Pride (Sandy) – the fact that Sandy Cheeks is from Texas alone should almost suffice for this one. She is a squirrel that is very proud of her heritage, so much so that in one episode she nearly moved back home! Sandy also takes a great deal of satisfaction in being the only land critter living down in Bikini Bottom among all the fishy folk. Though generally a good-natured individual, Sandy is quick to spout off about the greatness of the Lone Star state or to show off her athleticism in a karate match or a weightlifting contest. . Wrath (Squidward) – Squidward Tentacles has no qualms about expressing his negative outlook on life, whether it be by describing how much he hates his job at the Krusty Krab or through outward disdain for his two obnoxi ous neighbors. He is portrayed as a general failure who refuses to acknowledge his own personal flaws. This constant self-denial manifests itself in a sarcastic sense of humor and resentment toward the society that doesn’t ‘appreciate’ his creativity and clarinet†¦ erm†¦ †skills†. 6. Gluttony (Gary) – now this one’s a bit trickier.Those who have watched a great deal of the series will have noticed a number of jokes about Spongebob having to remember to feed his pet snail. To be honest, Gary doesn’t do a whole lot besides eating and meowing, and the meowing is often due to the fact that he is hungry. Once when Spongebob hadn’t fed his pet, Gary is shown eating parts of their couch! In another episode, Gary runs away from home because Spongebob forgot to feed him for a while. Another time when Spongebob had amnesia, Gary ate a year’s supply of snail food and became morbidly obese!This proves beyond a doubt th at when left to his own devices, Gary would rather do nothing but eat. 7. Lust (Spongebob) – our final analogy is probably the least apparent because we typically think of ‘lust’ in a sexual sense. However, the alternative definition for lust is simply â€Å"a passionate desire for something†. In this sense of the word, it cannot be denied that our absorbent yellow friend is an extremely lustful creature. Spongebob has a lust for life that is incomparable to most other cartoon characters – he yearns for the affections of both friend and foe alike, is eager to please, and will often stop at nothing to complete a task.

What is Anthropocene?

The videos In the website â€Å"Welcome to the Anthropocentric,† discusses about Anthropocentric. Questions that I will answer are what Is Anthropocentric? Why Is It label that way? What are some patterns in the era that are exhibited? Along with why should we care about mass extinction? Anthropocentric is a new geological epoch dominated by humanity.The word â€Å"Anthropocentric† is given its name because human activity has polluted the sea, caused mass extinction of animals and plants, and changed the Earth's natural cycle. Some of the patterns that this era has exhibited re the changes in the Earth's life support system, such as changes within the environment. For example, temperatures and sea levels are changing due to global warming, level of greenhouse gases is rising, and changes In the global water systems Is through damming, extraction, arrogation, and climate change.Furthermore, population, production, and consumption have grown exponentially. We are moving m ore sentiment than natural erosion and rivers. Therefore, there Is a whole In the Ozone and this Is causing us to lose bloodlessly. We should be concern about the mass extinctions of organisms because without hem, we will not have any support for food supplies and the environment. Especially, the functioning of the ecosystem.However, I believe that this catastrophe has been going on for years, however some people have no idea where this will lead us to. We should do something about this and that carries with responsibility. We have the option to stop and act upon the current rate of extinction with measures that will prevent habitat loss, and with regulations and rules that will provide species the kind of safety net that humans have. Most importantly, we must adapt to change.

Entrepreneurial Approach to Profit and Social Responsibility Research Paper

Entrepreneurial Approach to Profit and Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Entrepreneurship is about risk taking, seen an opportunity where others are not able to see it and taking advantage of the opportunity. Adi Saravanan and Rich Gorman are such leading and successful entrepreneurs who saw an opportunity where other people around them were not able to see. They took all the risks involved in the business and financial undertakings to venture and later emerged successful and became millionaires as a result of good entrepreneurship. Adi Saravanan Adi Saravanan, an engineer by profession, graduated from the University of Bharathiyar, developed interest in being a successful entrepreneur as a result of the opportunities’ he saw in the business world when working in the financial department of Samar Financial Limited. Adi Saravanan also holds a degree in Business and Financial Management from the University of Periyar and Masters form the same university. His hard work made him get a promotion to market the products of the company. He later got another job at Ashok Leyland finance limited where he worked within the financial and treasury departments. He had a lot of interest in finance and information technology that made him co-find a company named Allsec Technologies where he is the Chief Executive officer. This company offers Business Process Outsourcing services ranging from payroll to web solutions and retail healthcare services to various industries in India and Philippines. Adi Saravanan’s Leadership Style Leadership styles are the skills, traits and behaviors that a leader exhibits as he or she interacts with his workers. Adi Saravanan as the president of Allsec Technologies is portrayed as a democratic leader.... Adi Saravanan’s Leadership Style Leadership styles are the skills, traits and behaviors that a leader exhibits as he or she interacts with his workers. Adi Saravanan as the president of Allsec Technologies is portrayed as a democratic leader. As such, he uses a democratic leadership approach to manage the company’s activities. This is because he encourages participation of all his workers and staff in decision makings. He also ensures that workers are consulted on what is supposed to be done for the benefit of the company as a whole (Northouse, 2009). His democratic leadership style is also seen in that he does not closely supervise his employees but instead gives instruction and trusts that his instructions are to be followed since all decisions made are done in consultation. Adi Saravanan’s Approach to Profit making Adi Saravanan developed various strategies to ensure that his company became profitable. The first thing he did was to ensure that costs are kept l ow by eliminating unnecessary expenditures. He also ensured that the focus of the company was to improve shift utilization by getting more clients. He ensured that the services provided are customer focused and that they met customer expectations. This is in terms of both quality and quantity. This way, he maintained the loyalty of his clients and customers. He also makes sure that the staff he hires as are professionals to ensure that quality services are delivered to the clients. This was demonstrated by the quality of payroll services and BPO services offered by Allsec Technologies (Drucker, 2006). Adi Saravanan’s Strategies to Social Responsibilities A company is supposed to give back to the society through corporate social responsibility. This is because the society is normally impacted in various

Zara - Fast Fashion from Savvy Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zara - Fast Fashion from Savvy Systems - Essay Example The essay "Zara - Fast Fashion from Savvy Systems" talks about fast fashion of Zara. The businesses today operate in real-time in the global market place and they have to leverage comparative advantage. Thus, tapping into the foreign markets and the process of market entry, in addition to the innovative practices and technology can give a firm comparative advantage. Zara needs to ascertain the strategy for the way forward. The organization has a customer-focused vision since the beginning and this continues to be the defining feature. Their challenge is to live up to customer expectations. The group philosophy can be summed up as â€Å"good designs and good quality at affordable prices† (Business Week, 2004). They have total control over the fashion process right from designing to manufacturing and distribution. The company aims to differentiate itself because of its fast fashion approach but intense competition has diluted this advantage. To alter the strategy an organization needs to evaluate its position compared to its competitors. This requires a review of its internal and external business environment. The external environment is being evaluated based on the PESTILE and the industry analysis is based on Porter’s Five Forces.The Political condition of the nations were Zara enters is fairly stable and its mode of entry depends upon the local/regional situation. Accession of Spain into the EU benefitted Spain as the export policies were revised and tariff deregulation took place.

Foundations of Teams and Teamwork Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundations of Teams and Teamwork - Assignment Example This is because the success of a manager heavily relies on the teams that a manager has been able to build in an organization. Team building in an organization is a continuous process and involves the manager being able to deal with the internal dynamics of a team; issues of tasks and selection of the team members and also the management of the external dynamics; proper evaluation of organization’s environment both internal and external in relation to the team development and proper management of relationship amongst the team members. If a manager is able to fully deliver on internal and external dynamics of team building, he or she designs not just a team but an effective team (Thomson, 2008). This way, the effective team is able to properly function and achieve organization’s goals and objectives as stipulated by the mission and the vision statements. There are many factors leaders and in this case managers evaluate to determine if there is need for a team or not. Such factors include organization’s goals and objectives, the nature of the organizational tasks and also the organizational resources; financial and human resources. Organizational goals and objectives are directed by the mission and vision statements (Thomson, 2008). A leader who is focused towards effectively meeting the goals and objectives of a company and at the same time achieving the mission and the vision of the company would need quite effective and functioning teams. The nature of organizational tasks is also vital in deciding whether to have teams or not. Literally, simple tasks do not need teams to undertake them but complex tasks do. Organizational tasks such as market design and market analysis needs effort of more than one individual to adequately cover the entire market population and to adequately deliver. An organization that has no financial a nd human resources is not

Brighton Nightlife Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brighton Nightlife - Research Paper Example Various entertainment spots compete for the large population of revelers. To satisfy this population, various entertainment spots have a variety of brands that keep making them outstanding to their competitors. In addition, the location of the clubs influences the accessibility and the population of revelers who visit the clubs (Winston, 2014). Tru Brighton uses the free cocktail strategy in attracting clients. Tru Brighton is known for entertaining its guests with the famous free cock tail offers on Friday evenings for those revelers who come before midnight. The club also has adequate accommodation for its revelers. In addition, Brighton has ample space that can host up to 1200 guests in the main room alone with other rooms remaining and several balconies. The average cost of drinks at the club is at  £1.00. Tru Brighton is also renowned for its renting of private booths and suites for those who wish to have private and quality time together. The club reaches out to its clients through the social media platform such as Facebook and Twitter as one of its promotional strategies. Brighton is also strategically located next to the Brighton fishing museum that is a major tourist attraction site (Winston, 2014). The honey club reaches its target market by hosting various night themed nights all through the week. The university of Sussex students are known to specifically take up the Thursday evening events. Drinks at the club have an average cost of at  £1.00-1.5 all night. The honey club also has entry fees which keep changing based on the days of the week. The entry from Saturday nights before 11 pm is about at  £8 after which it increases to up to  £12. On the week nights the cost are at  £1-  £3.The clubs offers the perfect scenery with its terraces facing the Brighton beach. Many events are held at this venue due to the kind of scenery it gives of the brig ton beach. The club

Sexual Assault Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexual Assault - Research Paper Example The attempt to or assaults to commit rape through threat or force are included. It excludes statutory rape. As of 2009, reports of forcible rape annually have reached 88,097. Of all the reported rape cases in 2009, 93% were rapes of force (URC). B. Rape by Fraud   Rape by fraud is a form of rape or sexual assault wherein the woman is made to believe that it is her husband whom she has sex with. Rape, as mentioned, is a woman’s the carnal knowledge in the absence of her consent and is obtained by threats, fraud, force, etc. The fraud here should be consist of certain strategies by which the woman is made to believe that the offender is her spouse (Lee v. State, 1902). C. Marital Rape   Marital rape, also referred to as intimate partner sexual assault, is one that is done or committed by the current or the past partner, whether boyfriend or spouse. It happens when there is forced intercourse within the marriage or the partnership. However, there are still many countries that do not consider marital rape as a crime. In the United States for instance, rape is defined as sexual conduct forced on an individual other than a wife since the wife sexual consent is presumed. D. Date Rape In acquaintance rape, the offender is usually somebody who the victim knows casually or by sight, such as a colleague or a neighbour. In date rape, the offender is somebody who the victim knows and who the victim has consented to spend time with. Somebody who commits acquaintance rape or date rape can make use of various tactics, such as seeing to it that she is isolated, locking the door, making promises of taking her home from an event or party but taking her someplace else instead; he may threaten the victim with public humiliation, telling her that he will tell their friends that they sexually romantic regardless of what might actually take place; he may pressure her emotionally, saying that if she doesn’t agree, he will leave her; or he may use economic pressure, sa ying that he deserves sexual intimacy because he paid for their dinner (Huff, 2009). II. Who are the offenders and their characteristics?   A. Age of Offenders According to Holmes (1991), sex offenders and rapists are likely to be young men below the age of 30 during the time of the assault. In a study conducted by Quinsey and Upfold (1985) involving 72 rape offenders, the average age of these offenders was 24 years old. The relationship between age and offense is seldom taken into consideration in the literature on rape beyond its descriptive qualities in the methodology. It was suggested that hormonal factors existing in young men were linked with sexual offense (Marshall and Barabee, 1984). B. Gender of Offenders According to researchers (e.g. Lievore, 2003; Avakame, 1999), between 97% and 99% of alleged sex offenders are male. While physiologically and legally females are also capable of committing rape, for example, by digitally or orally penetrating victims (both male and fe male), such instances seldom reach the criminal justice system (Matthews et al 1991). C. Class of Offenders According to Holmes (1991), overwhelmingly, convicted rape offenders are from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Usually, they have inconsistent employment history in unskilled works, have high academic failure rates, and come from unstable backgrounds (Bard et al, 1987). The underrepresentation of males from upper and middle class backgrounds may indicate a higher involvement in marital and date rapes, which have lower conviction and

Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks Essay Abstract Better beverage choices can help fight and prevent obesity and diabetes. Water, of course, is the best beverage option. It delivers everything the body needs—pure H2O—with zero calories. But for some tastes, plain water is just too plain—and it may be unrealistic to ask everyone to kick the sugar-water habit overnight. We must instead work to retrain the American palate away from sweet drinks. Cutting our taste for sweetness will require concerted action on several levels—from creative food scientists and marketers in the beverage industry, as well as from individual consumers and families, schools and worksites, and state and federal government. Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks? What’ the Best Choice? Soft drinks are the beverage of choice for millions of Americans. Some drink them morning, noon, night, and in between. They’re tasty, available everywhere, and inexpensive. They’re also a prime source of extra calories that can contribute to weight gain. Once thought of as innocent refreshment, soft drinks are also coming under scrutiny for their contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Diet soft drinks, made with artificial sweeteners, may not be the best alternatives to regular soft drinks. The term â€Å"soft drink† covers a lot of ground. It refers to any beverage with added sugar or other sweetener, and includes soda, fruit punch, lemonade and other â€Å"ades,† sweetened powdered drinks, and sports and energy drinks. In this section of The Nutrition Source, we focus on non-alcoholic sweetened drinks. Drunk every now and then, these beverages wouldn’t raise an eyebrow among most nutrition experts, any more than does the occasional candy bar or bowl of ice cream. But few people see them as treats. Instead, we drink rivers of the stuff. According to figures from the beverage industry, soft drink makers produce a staggering 10. 4 billion gallons of sugary soda pop each year. That’s enough to serve every American a 12-ounce can every day, 365 days a year. The average can of sugar-sweetened soda or fruit punch provides about 150 calories, almost all of them from sugar, usually high-fructose corn syrup. That’s the equivalent of 10 teaspoons of table sugar (sucrose). If you were to drink just one can of a sugar-sweetened soft drink every day, and not cut back on calories elsewhere, you could gain up to 15 pounds in a year. Soft Drinks and Weight Historians may someday call the period between the early 1980s and 2009 the fattening of America. Between 1985 and now, the proportion of Americans who are overweight or obese has ballooned from 45 percent in the mid-1960s to 66 percent today. (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has an online slide show that shows the spread of obesity in the U.S. ) There’s no single cause for this increase; instead, there are many contributors. One of them is almost certainly our penchant for quenching our thirst with beverages other than water. Once upon a time, humans got almost all of their calories from what nature put into food. That changed with the advent of cheap sugar, and then cheaper high-fructose corn syrup. High-fructose corn syrup has been fingered as one of the villains in the obesity epidemic, but in fact, table sugar and corn sweeteners likely have the same physiological impact on blood sugar, insulin, and metabolism. Sugar added to food now accounts for nearly 16 percent of the average American’s daily intake. Sweetened soft drinks make up nearly half of that. Dozens of studies have explored possible links between soft drinks and weight. It isn’t an easy task, for several reasons (read Sorting Out Studies on Soft Drinks and Weight to learn why). Despite these research challenges, studies consistently show that increased consumption of soft drinks is associated with increased energy intake. In a meta-analysis of 30 studies in this area, 10 of 12 cross-sectional studies, five of five longitudinal studies, and four of four long-term experimental studies showed this positive association. A different meta-analysis of 88 studies showed that the effect appeared to be stronger in women, studies focusing on sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and studies not funded by the food industry: Studies in children and adults have also shown that cutting back on sugary drinks can lead to weight loss. On the surface, it makes sense that the more ounces of sugar-rich soft drink a person has each day, the more calories he or she takes in. Yet that runs counter to what happens with solid foods. People tend to compensate for a bigger than usual meal or for a snack by taking in fewer calories later. That’s how weight stays stable. This compensation doesn’t seem to happen with soft drinks. No one knows for sure why this happens, but there are several possibilities: Fluids may not be as satiating as solid foods. That means they don’t provide the same feeling of fullness or satisfaction that solid foods do, which might prompt you to keep eating. The body doesn’t seem to â€Å"register† fluid calories as carefully as it does those from solid food. This would mean they are added on top of calories from the rest of the diet. It is possible that sweet-tasting soft drinks—regardless of whether they are sweetened with sugar or a calorie-free sugar substitute—might stimulate the appetite for other sweet, high-carbohydrate foods. Use headings and subheadings to organize the sections of your paper. The first heading level is formatted with initial caps and is centered on the page. Do not start a new page for each heading. Subheading Subheadings are formatted with italics and are aligned flush left. Citations Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources. The full source citation will appear in the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, for example, Smith (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, for example (Smith and Jones, 2001; Anderson, Charles, Johnson, 2003). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † are used. See the example in the following paragraph. Use of this standard APA style â€Å"will result in a favorable impression on your instructor† (Smith, 2001). This was affirmed again in 2003 by Professor Anderson (Anderson, Charles Johnson, 2003). When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † the first and each subsequent time it is cited. When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. 1 References Anderson, Charles Johnson (2003). The impressive psychology paper. Chicago: Lucerne Publishing. Smith, M. (2001). Writing a successful paper. The Trey Research Monthly, 53, 149-150. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors and are formatted with a hanging indent. Most reference entries have three components: Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use â€Å"et al. † for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. Year of Publication: In parenthesis following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use â€Å"n. d. † in parenthesis following the authors. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Appendix Each Appendix appears on its own page. Footnotes 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the Publication Manual. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number].